Searching for Novel Targets to Control Wheat Head Blight Disease—I-Protein Identification, 3D Modeling and Virtual Screening
Résumé
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat and other cereals. FHB
occurs in Europe, North America and around the world causing significant losses in
production and endangers human and animal health. In this article, we provide the
strategic steps for the specific target selection for the phytopathogen system wheat-
Fusarium graminearum. The economic impact of FHB leads to the need for innovation.
Currently used fungicides have been shown to be effective over the years, but
recently cereal infecting Fusaria have developed resistance. Our work presents a new
perspective on target selection to allow the development of new fungicides. We developed
an innovative approach combining both genomic analysis and molecular
modeling to increase the discovery for new chemical compounds with both safety
and low environmental impact. Our protein targets selection revealed 13 candidates
with high specificity, essentiality and potentially assayable with a favorable accessibility
to drug activity. Among them, three proteins: trichodiene synthase, endoglucanase-
5 and ERG6 were selected for deeper structural analyses to identify new putative
fungicides. Overall, the bioinformatics filtering for novel protein targets applied
for agricultural purposes is a response to the demand for chemical crop protection.
The availability of the genome, secretome and PHI-base allowed the enrichment of
the search that combined experimental data in planta . The homology modeling and
molecular dynamics simulations allowed the acquisition of three robust and stable
conformers. From this step, approximately ten thousand compounds have been virtually
screened against three candidates. Forty-five top-ranked compounds were selected
from docking results as presenting better interactions and energy at the binding
pockets and no toxicity. These compounds may act as inhibitors and lead to the
development of new fungicides.