Optimal Number of Message Transmissions for Probabilistic Guarantee in the IoT
Résumé
The Internet of Things (IoT) is now experiencing its first phase of industrialization. Industrial companies are completing proofs of concept and many of them plan to invest in automation, flexibility and quality of production in their plants. Their use of a wireless network is conditioned upon its ability to meet three Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), namely a maximum acceptable end-to-end latency L, a targeted end-to-end reliability R and a minimum network lifetime T. The IoT network has to guarantee that at least R% of messages generated by sensor nodes are delivered to the sink with a latency ≤ L, whereas the network lifetime is at least equal to T. In this paper, we show how to provide the targeted end-to-end reliability R by means of retransmissions to cope with the unreliability of wireless links. We present two methods to compute the maximum number of transmissions per message required to achieve R. M F air is very easy to compute, whereas M Opt minimizes the total number of transmissions necessary for a message to reach the sink. M F air and M Opt are then integrated into a TSCH network with a load-based scheduler to evaluate the three KPIs on a generic data-gathering application. We first consider a toy example with eight nodes where the maximum number of transmissions M axT rans is tuned per link and per flow. Finally, a network of 50 nodes, representative of real network deployments, is evaluated assuming M axT rans is fixed. For both TSCH networks, we show that M Opt provides a better reliability and a longer lifetime than M F air, which provides a shorter average end-to-end latency. M Opt provides more predictable end-to-end performances than Kausa, a KPI-aware, state-of-the-art scheduler.
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