Sorting by reversals in subquadratic time
Résumé
The problem of sorting by signed reversals is inspired by a genome rearrangement problem in computational molecular biology. Given two genomes represented as signed permutations of the same elements (e.g. orthologous genes), the problem consists in finding a most parsimonious scenario of reversals that transforms one genome into the other. We propose a method for sorting a signed permutation by reversals in time O(n). The best known algorithms run in time O(n^2), the main obstacle to an improvement being a costly operation of detection of so-called «safe» reversals. We bypass this detection and, using the same data structure as a previous random approximation algorithm, we achieve the same subquadratic complexity for finding an exact optimal solution. This answers an open question by Ozery-Flato and Shamir whether a subquadratic complexity could ever be achieved for solving the problem.