Conception de traces, et applications, vers une méta-théorie des traces (Towards a Meta-Thoery of traces)
Résumé
By "trace" we mean any sequence of discrete events, each consisting of a set of attributes that may reflect in part the behavior of a system or observed phenomenon. What we want to study here is the process by which a trace (and its tracer) is finally designed. Traces development of a process or a family of processes is based on a serie of observations and analysis that led gradually to identify any measurable concepts and useful analysis. This analysis will eventually itself help to find new concepts for understanding the phenomenon, which, in turn, may lead to the introduction of new concepts and new measurable attributes in the trace. The identification of concepts is related to an activity of modeling and abstracting, and their transcription in a trace is seeking a representation in an easily transmissible form, also usable for analysis. What we expect from such a study, in addition, of course, of a better understanding of how the traces are built, is a rigorous methodology for developing traces based on reliable tools. An interesting result, for example, could be a domain independent prototyping language for generic trace construction. At this stage, only experimentations in the field of constraints solvers have been realized. The observation of traces showing unexpected behavior of solvers, where each constraint can be seen as an agent acting on a domain, has highlighted the potential of such a methodological approach. It was shown in particular how it was possible to improve the development of tracers using this approach for design as for implementation aspects as well. The concept of trace is used in many fields of studies, ranging from software engineering to neuronal trace, through mediated learning environment. One of the goal of this study is to facilitate, by a systematized approach of traces, a possible cross-fertilization between fields as diverse as software engineering, data analysis, education, medicine and philosophy.
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