Connectivity-based and Anchor-Free Localization in Large-Scale 2D/3D Sensor Networks
Résumé
This paper presents a Connectivity-based and Anchor-free Three-dimensional Localization (CATL) scheme for large-scale sensor networks with concave regions. It distinguishes itself from previous work with a combination of three features: (1) it works for networks in both 2D and 3D spaces, possibly containing holes or concave regions; (2) it is anchor-free, and uses only connectivity information to faithfully recover the original network topology, up to scaling and rotation; (3) it does not depend on the knowledge of network boundaries, which suits it well to situations where boundaries are difficult to identify. The key idea of CATL is to discover the {\em notch nodes}, where shortest paths bend and hop-count-based distance starts to significantly deviate from the true Euclidean distance. An iterative protocol is developed that uses a {\em notch-avoiding} multilateration mechanism to localize the network. Simulations show that CATL achieves accurate localization results with a moderate per-node message cost.