Measurement and synthesis of motion of plants
Acquisition et generation du mouvement de plantes
Résumé
Vegetation is present all around us and we are accustomed to see trees and other plants everyday. Its accurate representation is thus an essential part of the realistic depiction of natural scenes in a virtual environment. Due to the complexity of both vegetation and its reaction to wind load, such representation are still being unresolved issues of research in computer graphics. In a first step to the development of suitable models of animated plants, it is thus essential to understand as much as possible all the phenomena which produce the observable motion of trees. This thesis is organized in two parts. The first is on the acquisition and the reproduction of the motion of real plants and contains three chapters. The second is on mechanical simulation of plants dynamics and is divided in two chapters. In the first part, chapter 2 describes experimental work I have done and participated to within the Chene-Roseau project and shows the obtained data on plants response to natural wind load and manual excitation. We also discuss how features observable in a video can be automatically tracked along the sequence and presents some methods I have developed. These algorithms have been put in a software I developed that also focus on user interaction to compensate for the limitation of automatic techniques. An explanation is given in chapter 3 of how manual input can be used to extract reliable motion data from video. At the end of the first part, chapter 4 presents our results on structure extraction from 2D motion data (previously extracted from a video) and its retargeting. The statistical study of 2D motion data I have developed is discussed. We show how it can be used to extract a valid hierarchical branches structure that holds the plants motion and how it is used to reproduce the observed motion on a virtual model. In the second part, simulation method of tree response to wind load is discussed. In chapter 5, a state of the art of existing real-time animation technique is given. We introduce several concept of mechanics and simulation of elastic structure dynamics in order to compare all described methods. Finally chapter 6 presents the methods developed in collaboration with Mathieu Rodriguez on the real-time simulation of thousands of trees in response to interactive wind.
Vegetation is present all around us and we are accustomed to see trees and other plants everyday. Its accurate representation is thus an essential part of the realistic depiction of natural scenes in a virtual environment. Due to the complexity of both vegetation and its reaction to wind load, such representation are still being unresolved issues of research in computer graphics. In a first step to the development of suitable models of animated plants, it is thus essential to understand as much as possible all the phenomena which produce the observable motion of trees. This thesis is organized in two parts. The first is on the acquisition and the reproduction of the motion of real plants and contains three chapters. The second is on mechanical simulation of plants dynamics and is divided in two chapters. In the first part, chapter 2 describes experimental work I have done and participated to within the Chene-Roseau project and shows the obtained data on plants response to natural wind load and manual excitation. We also discuss how features observable in a video can be automatically tracked along the sequence and presents some methods I have developed. These algorithms have been put in a software I developed that also focus on user interaction to compensate for the limitation of automatic techniques. An explanation is given in chapter 3 of how manual input can be used to extract reliable motion data from video. At the end of the first part, chapter 4 presents our results on structure extraction from 2D motion data (previously extracted from a video) and its retargeting. The statistical study of 2D motion data I have developed is discussed. We show how it can be used to extract a valid hierarchical branches structure that holds the plants motion and how it is used to reproduce the observed motion on a virtual model. In the second part, simulation method of tree response to wind load is discussed. In chapter 5, a state of the art of existing real-time animation technique is given. We introduce several concept of mechanics and simulation of elastic structure dynamics in order to compare all described methods. Finally chapter 6 presents the methods developed in collaboration with Mathieu Rodriguez on the real-time simulation of thousands of trees in response to interactive wind.
Domaines
Modélisation et simulation
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