Evaluating parameterization of anthropogenic heat release in urban land surface scheme from field measurements and energy consumption inventory over Toulouse during CAPITOUL
Résumé
The anthropogenic heat releases (QF) are additional sources of energy in urban areas that must be taken into account in surface schemes dedicated to these areas. The QF term has been studied with different methodology. The first one is based on energy consumption inventory (Sailor and Lu, 2004). This methodology gives access to statistical values of QF over large urban areas. It is very difficult to assess real- time spatio-temporal variability of QF with this methodology. The second methodology is based on measurements of components of the surface energy balance (SEB) (Pigeon et al., 2004, Offerle et al., 2005). This methodology can give access to the diurnal temporal variability but is limited for evaluation of spatial variability of QF. It is based on estimation of residual and has the inconvenient to accumulate all errors of measurement of the other terms of the SEB. In the surface schemes dedicated to urban areas, the different sources of QF are differently integrated. The traffic and industrial releases are an additional source of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux. The domestic heating which varies with season can be parameterized. The objective of this paper is to evaluate this parameterization in the TEB scheme (Masson, 2000) against the CAPITOUL dataset. The CAPITOUL project (Masson et al., 2004) is focused on the study of the SEB of the centre of the city of Toulouse (France) over a whole year period (field campaign from February 2004 to February 2005) and its consequences on the urban boundary layer. Both methodologies of estimation of QF were applied in the CAPITOUL project.
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