Water cooling of shocks in protostellar outflows: Herschel-PACS map of L1157

B. Nisini (1) , M. Benedettini , C. Codella , T. Giannini , R. Liseau , D. Neufeld , M. Tafalla , E. F. van Dishoeck , R. Bachiller , O. A. Benz , E. Bergin , P. Bjerkeli , G. Blake (2) , Sylvain Bontemps (3, 4, 5, 6) , J. Braine (3, 4, 5, 6) , S. Bruderer , P. Caselli (7) , J. Cernicharo (8) , F. Daniel , P. Encrenaz (9) , A. M. Di Giorgio , C. Dominik (10) , S. Doty , M. Fich , A. Fuente , J. R. Goicoechea (9) , Th. de Graaw , F. Helmich , G. Herczeg , Fabrice Herpin (3, 4, 5, 6) , M. Hogerheijde , T. Jacq (3, 4, 5, 6) , D. Johnstone , J. Jorgensen (11) , M. Kaufman , L. Kirstensen , B. Larsson , D. Lis , M. Marseille (3, 4, 5, 6, 12) , C. Mccoey , G. Melnick , M. Olberg (13) , B. Parise (14) , Justin Pearson , R. Plime , C. Risacher (15) , J. Santiago , P. Saraceno (16) , R. Shipman , T. A. van Kempen , R. Visser , S. Viti , S. Wampfler , F. Wyrowski (17) , F. van Der Tak , U. A. Yildiz , B. Delforge , J. Desbat , W. A. Hatch , I. Peron , R. Schieder , J. A. Stern , D. Teyssier (18) , Alain Baudry (3, 4, 5, 6) , N. Whyborn

1 OAR - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
2 LOCIE - LabOratoire proCédés énergIe bâtimEnt
3 OASU - Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers
4 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
5 UB - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
6 L3AB - Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux
7 OAA - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
8 CSIC - Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
9 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique
10 AI PANNEKOEK - Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek
11 Leiden Observatory [Leiden]
12 SRON - SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
13 Onsala Space Observatory
14 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
15 ESO
16 IFSI - Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario
17 MPIFR - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
18 Herschel Science Center [Madrid]

In the framework of the Water in Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) key program, maps in water lines of several outflows from young stars are being obtained, to study the water production in shocks and its role in the outflow cooling. This paper reports the first results of this program, presenting a PACS map of the o-H2O 179 um transition obtained toward the young outflow L1157. The 179 um map is compared with those of other important shock tracers, and with previous single-pointing ISO, SWAS, and Odin water observations of the same source that allow us to constrain the water abundance and total cooling. Strong H2O peaks are localized on both shocked emission knots and the central source position. The H2O 179 um emission is spatially correlated with emission from H2 rotational lines, excited in shocks leading to a significant enhancement of the water abundance. Water emission peaks along the outflow also correlate with peaks of other shock-produced molecular species, such as SiO and NH3. A strong H2O peak is also observed at the location of the proto-star, where none of the other molecules have significant emission. The absolute 179 um intensity and its intensity ratio to the H2O 557 GHz line previously observed with Odin/SWAS indicate that the water emission originates in warm compact clumps, spatially unresolved by PACS, having a H2O abundance of the order of 10^-4. This testifies that the clumps have been heated for a time long enough to allow the conversion of almost all the available gas-phase oxygen into water. The total water cooling is ~10^-1 Lo, about 40% of the cooling due to H2 and 23% of the total energy released in shocks along the L1157 outflow.

Mots clés: Galaxy Astrophysics; Astrophysics; Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Domaines: Astrophysique stellaire et solaire [astro-ph.SR]; Astrophysique stellaire et solaire [astro-ph.SR]

B. Nisini, M. Benedettini, C. Codella, T. Giannini, R. Liseau, et al.. Water cooling of shocks in protostellar outflows: Herschel-PACS map of L1157. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, 2010, 518, pp.L120. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201014603⟩. ⟨hal-00495803⟩