Association of frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption with cardiovascular disease among smokers and non smoker men

Luc Dauchet (1) , Michèle Montaye (1) , Jean Bernard Ruidavet (2, 3) , Dominique Arveiler (4) , Frank Kee (5) , Annie Bingham (6) , Jean Ferrières (2, 3) , Bernadette Haas (4) , Alun Evans (5) , Pierre Ducimetière (7) , Philippe Amouyel (1) , Jean Dallongeville (1)

1 Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations
2 LEASP - Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap
3 UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
4 Altération génétique des cancers, chimioprévention et réponse thérapeutique
5 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health
6 Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et mort subite
7 IFR 69 - Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique

Background. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a lower cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Smoking, in contrast, is a major CVD risk factor. Objective. To compare the relationship between the frequency of F&V intake and CVD risk in current, former and never smoker men. Design. The PRIME study is a prospective study in men (n=8060), aged 50-59 years, free of coronary heart disease or stroke at inclusion, recruited in France and Northern Ireland between 1991 and 1993. Frequency of F&V intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes are incident cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and total coronary heart disease and stroke (CVD) observed over 10 years. Results. During the follow-up, a total of 367 ACS and 612 CVD events occurred. In multivariable analyses we found a statistical interaction between smoking status and frequency of F&V intake and for ACS and CVD (p< 0.05). In smokers, the relative risks for ACS was 0.78 [0.54-1.13] in the 2nd and 0.49 [0.30-0.81] in the 3rd tertile of F&V intake compared to the 1st tertile (p trend<0.001); the results for CVD were 0.80 [0.59-1.08] and 0.64 [0.44-0.93], respectively (p trend<0.001). In contrast, no statistically significant associations were observed among never and former smokers. Similar statistical interactions for ACS were observed for fruit intake (p=0.07) and vegetable (p <0.05). Conclusion. These results suggest that high F&V intake in men is associated with favourable CVD outcomes in smokers.

Mots clés: Fruit; vegetable; smoking; coronary heart diseases; cohort

Domaines: Cardiologie et système cardiovasculaire

Luc Dauchet, Michèle Montaye, Jean Bernard Ruidavet, Dominique Arveiler, Frank Kee, et al.. Association of frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption with cardiovascular disease among smokers and non smoker men: Fruit, vegetable, cardiovascular disease and smoking. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010, 64, pp.578-586. ⟨10.1038/ejcn.2010.46⟩. ⟨hal-00522556⟩