Silane deuteration catalyzed by ruthenium bis(dihydrogen) complexes or simple metal salts
Résumé
The deuteration of a diverse group of silanes: alkyl-, aryl-, alkoxy- and chlorosilanes, siloxane and silazane, under an atmosphere of dideuterium (D2) was explored with ruthenium bis(dihydrogen) dihydride complexes and hydrated metal salts. Deuterium incorporation of greater than 97% for the silanes O(SiMe2H)2, Et3SiH, (EtO)3SiH and Me2ClSiH was possible with 0.1 mol% of the ruthenium complex [RuH2(η2-H2)2(PCyp3)2] [0.05 mol% for O(SiMe2H)2] when catalysis was conducted in the neat silane at 30 °C under 1 bar of D2 for 3.5 h. The air-stable ruthenium trichloride salt RuCl3⋅x H2O was also an efficient catalyst for the deuteration of O(SiMe2H)2 and Et3SiH; deuterium incorporations for the two silanes of 93% and 90%, respectively, were possible under the same conditions as for [RuH2(η2-H2)2(PCyp3)2] with 0.1% catalyst loading. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange of O(SiMe2H)2 catalyzed by the rhodium trichloride (RhCl3⋅x H2O) and iridium trichloride (IrCl3⋅x H2O) was similarly efficient as with RuCl3⋅x H2O although catalytic alacrity dropped for Et3SiH.