Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic structure of Mars from InSight seismic data

P. Lognonné (1) , W. Banerdt , W. Pike (2) , D. Giardini (3) , U. Christensen (4) , R. Garcia , T. Kawamura , S. Kedar , B. Knapmeyer-Endrun (4) , L. Margerin (5) , F. Nimmo (6) , M. Panning (7) , B. Tauzin (8) , J.-R. Scholz (9) , Daniele Antonangeli (10) , S. Barkaoui (9) , Éric Beucler (11) , F. Bissig , N. Brinkman , M. Calvet (5) , S. Ceylan , C. Charalambous , P. Davis , M. van Driel (12) , M. Drilleau (11) , L. Fayon , R. Joshi , B. Kenda , A. Khan , M. Knapmeyer (13) , V. Lekic (14) , J. Mcclean , D. Mimoun (15) , N. Murdoch (15) , L. Pan (8) , C. Perrin (9) , B. Pinot (15) , L. Pou (15) , S. Menina (9) , Sébastien Rodriguez (11) , C. Schmelzbach , N. Schmerr (16) , D. Sollberger , A. Spiga (17) , S. Stähler (3) , A. Stott (2) , E. Stutzmann (9) , S. Tharimena , R. Widmer-Schnidrig (18) , F. Andersson , V. Ansan (11) , C. Béghein , M. Böse , E. Bozdag , J. Clinton , I. Daubar (19) , Pierre Delage (20) , N. Fuji , M. Golombek (19) , M. Grott (21) , A. Horleston , K. Hurst (22) , J. Irving , A. Jacob (9) , J. Knollenberg (23) , S. Krasner , C. Krause (24) , R. Lorenz (25) , C. Michaut (26) , R. Myhill (27) , T. Nissen-Meyer (28) , J. ten Pierick , A.-C. Plesa , C. Quantin-Nataf (8) , J. Robertsson , L. Rochas (29) , M. Schimmel , S. Smrekar (19) , T. Spohn (21) , N. Teanby (27) , J. Tromp (30) , J. Vallade (29) , N. Verdier (29) , C. Vrettos , R. Weber , D. Banfield (31) , E. Barrett , M. Bierwirth (4) , S. Calcutt (32) , N. Compaire (15) , C.L. Johnson , D. Mance , F. Euchner (3) , L. Kerjean (29) , G. Mainsant , A. Mocquet (11) , J. Rodriguez Manfredi , G. Pont , P. Laudet (29) , T. Nebut (9) , S. de Raucourt (9) , O. Robert (9) , C. T. Russell (33) , A. Sylvestre-Baron (29) , S. Tillier (9) , T. Warren , M. Wieczorek (34) , C. Yana (29) , P. Zweifel

1 IPG Paris - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering [Imperial College London]
3 Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich]
4 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
5 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
6 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz]
7 UF|Geological - Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville]
8 LGL-TPE - Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement
9 IPGP (UMR_7154) - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
10 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
11 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
12 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [München]
13 DLR - Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
14 Berkeley Seismological Laboratory [Berkeley]
15 ISAE-SUPAERO - Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace
16 Department of Geology [College Park]
17 LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)
18 KIT - Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
19 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
20 NAVIER UMR 8205 - Laboratoire Navier
21 DLR - German Aerospace Center
22 NASA
23 DLR Institute of Planetary Research
24 University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
25 LPL - Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson]
26 LUTH (UMR_8102) - Laboratoire Univers et Théories
27 School of Earth Sciences [Bristol]
28 Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford]
29 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]
30 Department of Geosciences [Princeton]
31 Cornell University [New York]
32 University of Oxford
33 EPSS - Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles]
34 LAGRANGE - Joseph Louis LAGRANGE

Mars’s seismic activity and noise have been monitored since January 2019 by the seismometer of the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander. At night, Mars is extremely quiet; seismic noise is about 500 times lower than Earth’s microseismic noise at periods between 4 s and 30 s. The recorded seismic noise increases during the day due to ground deformations induced by convective atmospheric vortices and ground-transferred wind-generated lander noise. Here we constrain properties of the crust beneath InSight, using signals from atmospheric vortices and from the hammering of InSight’s Heat Flow and Physical Properties (HP3) instrument, as well as the three largest Marsquakes detected as of September 2019. From receiver function analysis, we infer that the uppermost 8–11 km of the crust is highly altered and/or fractured. We measure the crustal diffusivity and intrinsic attenuation using multiscattering analysis and find that seismic attenuation is about three times larger than on the Moon, which suggests that the crust contains small amounts of volatiles.

Mots clés: Mars; Internal Structure; SEIS

Domaines: Planétologie et astrophysique de la terre [astro-ph.EP]; Géophysique [physics.geo-ph]

P. Lognonné, W. Banerdt, W. Pike, D. Giardini, U. Christensen, et al.. Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic structure of Mars from InSight seismic data. Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13 (3), pp.213-220. ⟨10.1038/s41561-020-0536-y⟩. ⟨hal-02526740⟩