New generation of magnetic and luminescent nanoparticles for in-vivo real-time imaging
Résumé
A new generation of optimized contrast agents is emerging, based on metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) for respectively magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) and near-infra-red (NIR) fluorescent imaging techniques. Compared with established contrast agents such as iron oxide NPs or organic dyes, these NPs benefit from several advantages: their magnetic and optical properties can be tuned through size, shape and composition engineering, their efficiency can excess by several order of magnitude that one of contrast agents clinically used, their surface can be modified to incorporate specific targeting agents and antifolding polymers to increase the blood circulation time and the tumor recognition, they can possibly be integrated in complex architecture to yield multimodal imaging agents. In this review, we will report the materials of choice based on the understanding of the physics basics of NIR and MRI techniques and their corresponding syntheses as NPs. Surface engineering, water transfer, and specific targeting will be highlighted prior to their first use for in-vivo real-time imaging. Highly efficient NPs, safer in use and target specific are likely to be entering clinical applications in a near future.
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