L'organisation locale de la chasse, autodéfense collective et régulation des conflits.
Résumé
The local organization of hunting, collective self-defense and regulation of the conflicts
This article analyzes the organization of communal associations of hunting in four villages of South-west. The problems of the local organization of hunting are closely related on the evolution of the relationship between rural country and cities and the dynamics of the conflicts between the competing uses of the rural areas and “nature”. Communal associations seem true tools of self-defense of the community of the local hunters. They were created, since the Thirties, like means of protection against the pressure of the “foreign” hunters of urban and middle-class origin and resistance to the interference of the State. Moreover, they found a whole of rules which make it possible to control the potential conflicts rising from the relationship between owners, farmers and hunters and to sanction the “dissidence” of certain holders of hunting rights.
This article analyzes the organization of communal associations of hunting in four villages of South-west. The problems of the local organization of hunting are closely related on the evolution of the relationship between rural country and cities and the dynamics of the conflicts between the competing uses of the rural areas and “nature”. Communal associations seem true tools of self-defense of the community of the local hunters. They were created, since the Thirties, like means of protection against the pressure of the “foreign” hunters of urban and middle-class origin and resistance to the interference of the State. Moreover, they found a whole of rules which make it possible to control the potential conflicts rising from the relationship between owners, farmers and hunters and to sanction the “dissidence” of certain holders of hunting rights.
Cet article analyse l'organisation et le fonctionnement des associations communales de chasse dans quatre villages du Sud-Ouest. Les problèmes de l'organisation locale de la chasse sont étroitement liés à l'évolution des rapports villes campagne et à la dynamique des conflits entre les usages concurrentiels de l'espace rural et de la « nature ». Les associations communales apparaissent comme de véritables dispositifs d'autodéfense de la communauté des chasseurs locaux. Elles se sont créées, depuis les années trente, comme des moyens de protection contre la pression des chasseurs « étrangers » d'origine urbaine et bourgeoise et de résistance à l'ingérence de l'Etat. En outre, elles instaurent un ensemble de règles qui permettent de réguler les conflits potentiels découlant des « rapports sociaux de chasse » entre propriétaires, agriculteurs et chasseurs et de sanctionner la « dissidence » de certains détenteurs de droits de chasse.