Sputtering Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Microbatteries Ionic liquid Crystal structure Nickel oxide Failure mechanism Electrochemical performance CO2 electrolysis Lithium battery Transition metals Operando FIB/SEM Electrolyte Coating Microdevice Organic battery XPS Grafting Lithium-ion battery Supercapacitors Fe Negative electrode Energy storage DFT Cycle performance Microstructure Ionogels Perovskite Graphene Li-ion batteries Organic batteries Titanium nitride Binder Electrochemistry SOFC Cycling stability Supercapacitor Electrochemical capacitor Fermi contact Electrolytes Vanadium nitride Pseudocapacitance Photovoltaics Lithium ion batteries Lithium batteries Electrochemical electrodes LiFePO4 Electrochemical capacitors Fuel cell Lithium-ion batteries Li-ion battery CVD Organic electrode materials Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Lithium ion battery Electrodes Activated carbon Degradation Raman spectroscopy Anodes Ionic liquid electrolytes Silicon Electrode material Diazonium Porous silicon Magnetron sputtering Capacitance NMR Diazonium salts Impedance spectroscopy Plasma Intercalation Positive electrode Interface Micro-supercapacitors Batteries Current collector Aqueous electrolyte Manganese dioxide Chemical vapor deposition Micro-supercapacitor EIS Electrode SOEC MnO2 FeWO 4 Redox-active amine Electrical conductivity Power performance DFT calculations Exsolution Ionic conductivity Graphite Diazonium chemistry Anode GGA+U MAS NMR Cyclic voltammetry Thin films